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31.
Mark E. Arnold Doris Mueller-Doblies Rebecca J. Gosling Francesca Martelli Robert H. Davies 《Avian pathology》2015,44(6):423-429
Reports of Salmonella in ducks in the UK currently rely upon voluntary submissions from the industry, and as there is no harmonized statutory monitoring and control programme, it is difficult to compare data from different years in order to evaluate any trends in Salmonella prevalence in relation to sampling methodology. Therefore, the aim of this project was to assess the sensitivity of a selection of environmental sampling methods, including the sampling of faeces, dust and water troughs or bowls for the detection of Salmonella in duck flocks, and a range of sampling methods were applied to 67 duck flocks. Bayesian methods in the absence of a gold standard were used to provide estimates of the sensitivity of each of the sampling methods relative to the within-flock prevalence. There was a large influence of the within-flock prevalence on the sensitivity of all sample types, with sensitivity reducing as the within-flock prevalence reduced. Boot swabs (individual and pool of four), swabs of faecally contaminated areas and whole house hand-held fabric swabs showed the overall highest sensitivity for low-prevalence flocks and are recommended for use to detect Salmonella in duck flocks. The sample type with the highest proportion positive was a pool of four hair nets used as boot swabs, but this was not the most sensitive sample for low-prevalence flocks. All the environmental sampling types (faeces swabs, litter pinches, drag swabs, water trough samples and dust) had higher sensitivity than individual faeces sampling. None of the methods consistently identified all the positive flocks, and at least 10 samples would be required for even the most sensitive method (pool of four boot swabs) to detect a 5% prevalence. The sampling of dust had a low sensitivity and is not recommended for ducks. 相似文献
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Andreana Marino Simona Pergolizzi Eugenia R. Lauriano Giuseppe Santoro Francesca Spataro Francesco Cimino Antonio Speciale Antonia Nostro Giuseppe Bisignano 《APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica》2015,123(2):163-168
The Toll‐Like Receptor 2 (TLR2) plays an active and important role in Staphylococcus aureus‐induced chronic ocular inflammation. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression and function of TLR2 of corneal stromal cells in ex vivo rabbit model of S. aureus keratitis. Corneal buttons with sclera rims placed in an ex vivo air‐interface organ culture were assigned to two groups: corneas with epithelial and stromal abrasions. Each group was then divided into two sub‐groups exposed to UV‐killed S. aureus ATCC 6538P and S. aureus ATCC 29213, respectively. TLR2 and IL‐8 mRNA expressions were analyzed by quantitative real‐time RT‐PCR. TLR2 localization was visualized by immunofluorescence analysis. The results demonstrated that TLR2 and IL‐8 mRNA were significantly expressed in the stromal cells of the groups exposed to S. aureus strains. Moreover, it has been demonstrated that, after corneal injury, keratocytes differentiated into myofibroblasts became able to express TLR2 only when exposed to S. aureus. Identification of mechanisms regulation of corneal TLRs may lead to development of therapeutic interventions aimed at controlling corneal inflammation. This ex vivo model can be used to clarify the molecular events of bacterial‐corneal tissue interactions and their inflammatory consequences. 相似文献
34.
Iñaki Comino-Méndez Luis J Leandro-García Guillermo Montoya Lucía Inglada-Pérez Aguirre A. de Cubas María Currás-Freixes Carolyn Tysoe Louise Izatt Rocío Letón Álvaro Gómez-Graña Veronika Mancikova María Apellániz-Ruiz Massimo Mannelli Francesca Schiavi Judith Favier Anne-Paule Gimenez-Roqueplo Henri J. L. M. Timmers Giovanna Roncador Juan F. Garcia Cristina Rodríguez-Antona Mercedes Robledo Alberto Cascón 《Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany)》2015,93(11):1247-1255
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Calloni Sonia Francesca Perrotta Marianna Roveri Luisa Panni Pietro del Poggio Anna Vezzulli Paolo Quintiliano Filippi Massimo Falini Andrea Anzalone Nicoletta 《Neurological sciences》2021,42(12):5131-5137
Neurological Sciences - Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (CE-MRA) has become a very popular imaging technique in the evaluation of the extracranial vessels pathology, while it is... 相似文献
40.
Maria Antonia De Francesco Claudio Poiesi Franco Gargiulo Carlo Bonfanti Patrizia Pollara Simona Fiorentini Francesca Caccuri Valentina Carta Lucia Mangeri Simone Pellizzeri Damiano Rizzoni Paolo Malerba Massimo Salvetti Maria Lorenza Muiesan Federico Alberici Francesco Scolari Andrea Pilotto Alessandro Padovani Arnaldo Caruso 《The Journal of infection》2021,82(4):e4-e7